Monash University engineers have developed scalable technology that turns waste into a rich source of 17 rare earth elements via extractions from coal fly ash, mine tailings, and old electronic devices.
From coal fly ash alone, the university says it could recover up to 45,000 tonnes of rare earth metal per year. For reference, that is nearly double Australia’s production in 2021 which totalled about 24,000 tonnes.
In 2024, the global rare earth production reached 390,000 tons, as reported by the US Geological Survey. This is an increase from the previous year which totalled 376,000 tons.
China is the dominant rare earth producer, producing up to 270,000 tons of the global supply in 2024.
Monash University notes that in Victoria alone, more than a million tonnes of coal fly ash are generated per year and nationally, the stockpiles are larger.
By treating the stockpiles as a resource, rather than waste, the university is able to make immediate use of the existing materials.
The university is now designing a 100-litre sem-continuous unit with a demonstration plant planned at Monash University.
Rare earths are considered essential for technologies, such as electric vehicles, smart phones, and wind turbines. According to the Department of Industry, Science and Resources, rare earths are expected to see a large price increase and lift the basket price index.
This is primarily driven by its increasing demand for clean energy technologies.
The urban mining process could support local manufacturing, reduce dependence on foreign supply chains, and create jobs in regional communities.
Write to Aaliyah Rogan at Mining.com.au
Images: Monash University
